致密储层压裂液水锁损害定量评价模型及影响因素分析

doi:10.19596/j.cnki.1001-246x.8882

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为定量评价返排阶段致密储层的水锁损害程度, 基于毛管力和相对渗透率随含水饱和度的变化关系, 采用达西公式推导压裂液侵入区气水两相流动方程, 建立致密储层返排阶段压裂液水锁损害定量评价模型。利用泰勒展开的非线性求解方法求解返排阶段侵入区含水饱和度、相对渗透率及渗透率损害率。分析压裂液侵入深度、压裂液黏度、排采压差、应力敏感对水锁损害的影响, 并探索水锁损害对产水产气的影响。结果表明: 当排采压差大于毛管力时, 水锁损害开始逐步解除, 并且排采压差越大, 水锁解除程度越高, 水锁损害程度越低。压裂液黏度、侵入深度、应力敏感系数较大时, 返排阶段解除水锁难度较大, 水锁损害程度较高, 最终将导致气藏采收率降低。

关键词: 致密储层, 水锁损害, 毛管力, 相对渗透率

Abstract:

In order to quantitatively evaluate water blocking damage of tight reservoirs in flowback period, based on the relationship between capillary pressure and relative permeability with water saturation, Darcy's formula was used to characterize gas-water two-phase flow equations in invaded areas, and a quantitative evaluation model of water blocking damage of fracturing fluid in tight reservoir was established. The water saturation, relative permeability and permeability damage degree of invaded areas in flowback period were solved by the Taylor's nonlinear solution method, and the effect of fracturing fluid invasion depth, fracturing fluid viscosity, flowback and production differential pressure and pressure sensitivity were analyzed. The results show that, water blocking damage starts to gradually be relieved once the pressure differential of flowback and production exceeds the capillary force. The higher the differential pressure between flowback and production, the more effectively water blockage can be relieved and the less damage water blockage can cause. It is challenging to release the water blockage at the flowback period when the invasion depth, viscosity, and stress sensitivity coefficient of the fracturing fluid are high. The higher the damage degree of the water blockage, the lower the recovery of gas will finally be.

Key words: tight reservoirs, water blocking damage, capillary pressure, relative permeability

潘泉羽, 程林松, 贾品, 胡江鹏, 贾志豪. 致密储层压裂液水锁损害定量评价模型及影响因素分析[J]. 计算物理, 2025, 42(2): 192-201.

Quanyu PAN, Linsong CHENG, Pin JIA, Jiangpeng HU, Zhihao JIA. Quantitative Evaluation Model of Water Blocking Damage of Fracturing Fluid in Tight Reservoirs and Analysis of Affecting Factors[J]. Chinese Journal of Computational Physics, 2025, 42(2): 192-201.

图/表 12

图1 气水赋存状态示意图(a) 初始气水赋存状态；(b) 压裂液注入过程(水锁损害形成)；(c) 压裂液返排过程(水锁损害部分解除)

Fig.1 Schematic of gas-water occurrence state (a) initial gas-water occurrence state; (b) process of hydraulic fracturing fluid injection (formation of water blocking damage); (c) process of hydraulic fracturing fluid flowback (partial relief of water blocking damage)

图2 水锁损害物理模型示意图

Fig.2 Schematic of physical model of water blocking damage

表1 岩样基础数据

Table 1 Basic parameters of rock samples

实验数据	岩样号	长度/cm	直径/cm	孔隙度/%	渗透率/(10^-3 μm²)	排采压差/MPa
Ref.[38]	S1	6.06	2.52	5.94	0.069 6	1.5
Ref.[38]	S3	6.45	2.50	11.39	0.181	1.5
Ref.[39]	4^#	5.08	2.54	5.05	0.061	1

图3 含水饱和度实验数据与模型求解结果 (a) 江昀等[38]实验数据对比验证结果；(b) 游利军等[39]实验数据对比验证结果

Fig.3 Water saturation between experimental data and model solution results (a) validation results with experimental data[38]; (b) validation results with experimental data[39]

图4 压裂液黏度对水锁损害的影响(a) 对含水饱和度影响；(b) 对渗透率损害率影响

Fig.4 Effect of fracturing fluid viscosity on water blocking damage (a) influence on water saturation; (b) influence on damage ratio of permeability

图5 压裂液侵入深度对水锁损害的影响(a) 含水饱和度及渗透率损害率随时间变化；(b) 含水饱和度及渗透率损害率随侵入深度变化

Fig.5 Effect of fracturing fluid invasion depth on water blocking damage (a) variation of water saturation and damage ratio of permeability over time; (b) variation of water saturation and damage ratio of permeability with invasion depth

图6 排采压差对水锁损害的影响(a) 含水饱和度及渗透率损害率随时间变化；(b) 含水饱和度及渗透率损害率随排采压差变化

Fig.6 Effect of flowback and production differential pressure on water blocking damage (a) variation of water saturation and damage ratio of permeability over time; (b) variation of water saturation and damage ratio of permeability with pressure differential during flowback

图7 应力敏感对水锁损害的影响(a) 对含水饱和度影响；(b) 对渗透率损害率影响

Fig.7 Effect of stress sensitivity on water blocking damage (a) effect on water saturation; (b) effect on damage ratio of permeability

表2 模型基础参数

Table 2 Basic parameters of the model

参数	数值	参数	数值
基质渗透率/mD	0.07	基质含水饱和度/%	20
侵入区渗透率/mD	0.06	侵入区含水饱和度/%	40
裂缝区渗透率/mD	700	裂缝区含水饱和度/%	100
压裂液黏度/(mPa·s)	1	孔隙度/%	6.07
缝间距/m	65	排采压差/MPa	20
裂缝数量/条	23

图8 排采压差对产水产气的影响(a) 对产水影响；(b) 对产气影响

Fig.8 Effect of differential pressure of flowback and production on water and gas production (a) effect on water production; (b) effect on gas production

图9 压裂液黏度对产水产气的影响(a) 对产水影响；(b) 对产气影响

Fig.9 Effect of fracturing fluid viscosity on water and gas production (a) effect on water production; (b) effect on gas production

图10 侵入深度对产水产气的影响(a) 对产水影响；(b) 对产气影响

Fig.10 Effect of invasion depth on water gas production (a) effect on water production; (b) effect on gas production

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