Based on the lattice Boltzmann method, the chemical reaction process of CO2 absorption by tandem porous CaO particles is simulated at the scale of Representative Elementary Volume (REV) scale, and the influences of CaO porosity, particle diameter, and inter-particle arrangement of CaO particles on the conversion efficiency and the average conversion rate of particles are mainly investigated. The results show that the conversion efficiency of CaO particles first decreases and then increases with the increase of the porosity, which is attributed to differences in the initial amount of material and the internal gas-solid reaction rate of the particles due to the different porosities, and the competition between them affected the conversion efficiency. On the other hand, the larger the particle diameter, the lower the conversion efficiency. Specifically, the average conversion efficiency of the particles with 50 μm diameter is 8.4% higher than that of particles with 150 μm diameter, and the average conversion efficiency of particles with 150 μm diameter is 7.2% higher than that of the particles with 250 μm diameter. In addition, this work also investigates effect of the arrangement of particles on the average conversion rate. It is found that when the horizontal angle between particles changed from θ=0° to θ=10°, the average conversion rate can not be improved effectively with the increase of the angle due to the effect of the reflux vortex, and the average conversion rate is not improved with the increase of the angle between θ=10° and θ=40°. The average conversion between θ=0° and θ=10° is found not to be effectively improved due to the influence of the reflux vortex. And the average conversion between θ=10° and θ=40° is found to be significantly improved due to the fact that CaO particles at the rear are gradually moving away from the reflux zone, while the average conversion in the interval where the horizontal angle is larger than 40° is found to be maximized due to the fact that the average conversion is not changed with the angle. The simulation results can provide some theoretical guidance for CO2 capture.