In response to the complex coupling calculation of LBM (lattice Boltzmann method) local mesh refinement, a method of inverting macroscopic physical quantities to obtain particle distribution functions is proposed to avoid conversion of distribution functions. By rewriting the Boltzmann equation, the relationship (depends on Knudsen number) inside the distribution function is derived, and the inversion calculation equation of the distribution function is given. Based on this, a new multi-block mesh refinement algorithm is designed, and its performance is verified by applying the algorithm to an example. The results show that the algorithm can display the numerical characteristics of the flow field under different Reynolds numbers, and the streamline graph is continuous and complete. The position of the vortex center in the flow field obtained is consistent with literature data. This algorithm can be used for flow field simulations and provides guidance for the development of local mesh refinement.