To investigate electromagnetic scattering from layered rough surface by method of moment, a direct domain decomposition method is used to derive electromagnetic integral equation of layered rough surface. Combining with wave equation and Green's function, electromagnetic integral equations of layered rough surface are obtained by applying Green's theorem to each space divided by rough surface. Then integral equation is discretized using method of moment. Angular distributions of electromagnetic scattering coefficient from ground covered with snow are obtained with numerical calculation, in which snow surface and ground are described with 1D band-limited Weierstrass fractal spectrum and Monte Carlo method. Accuracy of the domain decomposition is demonstrated by finite difference time domain results. Through analyzing scattering coefficient that varies with parameters of snow and ground, medium parameters of snow and soil, parameters of incident wave, the complete scattering characteristics are obtained.

Based on a cloud model,which makes good balance between randomness and fuzziness,a quantum adaptive immune clone algorithm is proposed.The quantum rotate gate,a key operator of quantum evolutionary algorithm for optimization and mutation operation,is insteaded by cloud operators.Dynamic adjustment of searching range in evolutionary process is realized by controlling collaboration of cloud operators.It makes the algorithm has strong ability in global search.Programs are modified for targeted optimization.They make algorithm avoid falling into local optimum effectively.Simulation experiments for standard numerical optimization problems show that the proposed algorithm has better search capability,higher search precision,and better stability.Simulation experiment in parameters estimation of nonlinear system shows that the algorithm gets effectively estimation for system parameters with high accuracy and good performance.

Electromagnetic wave transmission through 1D band-limited Weierstrass fractal rough surfaces of layered medium is investigated with a hybrid method based on method of moment (MoM) and Kirchhoff approximation (KA). The upper rough surface and the under rough surface are divided into MoM region and KA region, respectively. Transmission coefficient as a function of scattering angle of transmission wave is obtained. Influences of fractal dimension, height root mean square, permittivity of substrate medium, permittivity and mean layer thickness of intermediate medium, frequency of incident wave on transmission coefficient are discussed. It shows that transmission coefficient is affected by parameters of upper rough surface considerably.