Coarse-grained simulations were adopted to investigate interaction between fullerene C₆₀ cluster and lipid membranes. C₆₀ aggregates in water and their interaction with lipid membrane were investigated. It was found that the aggregate can penetrate the membrane directly instead of endocytosis and pinocytosis. The penetration caused transmembrane movement of lipid and water molecules. Interaction between C₆₀ molecules and small lipid vesicle was investigated and dependence on C₆₀ concentration was interpreted explicitly. Conflicting experimental observations due to different preparation methods and processes are also provided. Potential mechanism of the biotoxicity of fullerene was put forward. Our results are helpful in medical applications.

With numerical calculation on shapes of genus 2 vesicle with small reduced volume,interesting shapes and new phase transition branches are found.More supports for the curvature model are expected with experimental observations.