We analyze effect of a small-bandwidth linear frequency chirp on growth of Raman instability with coupled relativistic Maxwell-fluid equations.It is shown that threshold of Raman backward scattering is increased by frequency chirp with no dependence on the sign of chirp.And growth rate of Raman forward scattering increases(decreases) for a positive(negative) chirp.In addition 1D3V particle-in-cell simulations are performed.It shows agreement with theoretical analysis.

An analytical method by means of the transfer function is proposed to study the processes of coupled heat and moisture transfer in walls based on Luikov's equations.The calculations for coupled heat and moisture transfer in the fiberglass slab are conducted to obtain the transient distributions of temperature and 1-D distributions of moisture accumulation rate using the mentioned method. The results agree with the measured data, and show that the mathematical equations and the solving method are reasonable.

Finite-difference method is proposed for the first time for solving the transient heat and moisture transfer problems in 1-D multilayered building elements.Transient boundary conditions are specified for both heat and moisture transfer at external surfaces, while constant values are assumed for material properties of each layer of the structure and the discontinuity of material properties for each layer is considered.The calculations for a typical three-layer wall are conducted to obtain the dynamic distributions of the relative humidity at the interfaces of every layer during 24 hours by use of the mentioned method,and the results agree with those of the transfer function method which is empolyed in reference[6].The method can be extended to 2-D and 3-D coupled heat and moisture transfer problems.

This paper studied the sarface structure of CO molecules adsorbed on the transition metals surfaces by Low-energy electron diffraction spectra. It is shown that for CO/Ni {100}, the atomic layer distances d_Ni-C=0.1810±0.0001nm, d_C-O=0.1090±0.0001nm; the CO molecule bond length l_C-O=0.1150nm, and the tilted angle β=18.59°±0.15°, and that the structure Parameters are close to the figure in Ni(CO)₄, It is found that tbr CO/Rh{111}, the atomic layer distanes d_Rh-C=0.1950±0.0001nm, d_C-O=0.105±0.002nm, the CO molecule bond length l_C-O=0.1170nm, the tilted angle β=26.18°±2.2ånd that the structure parameters are close to the figure in Rh₂(CO)₈. It is also found that for CO/Cu{100}, the atomic layer distances d_Cu-C=0.192±0.002nm, d_C-O=0.1063±0.0001nm; the CO molecule bond length l_C-O=0.1129nm,the tilted angle β=19.69°±0.15°; for CO/Pd{100}, the atomic layer distances d_Pd-C=0.157±0.003nm, d_C-O=0.1126±0.0004nm; the CO molecule bond length l_C-O=0.1129nm, the tilted angle β=4.18°±2.2°. And for CO/Ti{0001}, the atomic layer distances d_Ti-C=0.195±0.003nm,d_C-O=0.1191±0.0001nm; the CO molecule bond length l_C-O=0.1129nm, and the tilted angle β=7.63°±0.15°.