Nanoscale heat conduction has attracted considerable attention due to the unique transport behaviors exhibited by its intrinsic heat-carrying phonons, as well as its significant potential in addressing thermal management issues in electronic devices and enhancing thermoelectric conversion efficiency. This paper reviews the research progress in nanoscale heat conduction theory and simulations over the past three decades. It particularly introduces and discusses methods based on both wave and particle perspectives, focusing on nanoscale coherent thermal conduction mechanisms. Finally, the paper analyzes the challenges facing the field of nanoscale heat conduction research and outlines potential future directions, aiming to deepen the understanding of the wave-particle duality of heat-carrying phonons and promote their application in critical areas.