激光驱动束靶相互作用产生中子的蒙特卡罗程序

doi:10.19596/j.cnki.1001-246x.8617

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

概述激光驱动束靶相互作用产生中子的蒙特卡罗程序MCNRC的程序设计和进展。详细阐述MCNRC中的离子输运过程和中子产生过程中应用的物理模型和数据库, 并展示MCNRC的模拟计算和实验数据或与其他模拟数据之间的比较。介绍该程序应用于质子锂反应、氘锂反应和锂质子反应, 三种基于不同核反应中子源的模拟计算, 计算结果表明, MCNRC对上述中子源具有较好的模拟能力。

关键词: 激光驱动中子源, 蒙特卡罗程序, 离子输运, 中子产生核反应

Abstract:

The programming and development of the Monte Carlo code MCNRC for neutron calculation driven by intense laser with pitcher-catcher scheme are described in this study. We describe the physical models and databases utilized in the MCNRC's ion transport and neutron production processes, and we compare simulation results to experimental or other simulated data to demonstrate the validity of MCNRC. The program is applied to three neutron sources that are based on various nuclear reactions, including the proton-lithium reaction, the deuterium-lithium reaction, and the lithium-proton reaction. The results show that MCNRC has preferable simulation capabilities for these neutron sources.

Key words: laser-driven neutron source, Monte Carlo code, ion transport, neutron-producing nuclear reactions

姚屹林, 巫振波, 乔宾. 激光驱动束靶相互作用产生中子的蒙特卡罗程序[J]. 计算物理, 2023, 40(2): 241-247.

Yilin YAO, Zhenbo WU, Bin QIAO. Monte Carlo Code for Neutron Calculation Driven by Intense Laser with Pitcher-catcher Scheme[J]. Chinese Journal of Computational Physics, 2023, 40(2): 241-247.

图/表 4

图1 MCNRC中考虑的两个物理过程，离子输运过程和中子产生过程

Fig.1 The physical processes considered in the MCNRC contain ion transport processes and neutron production processes

图2 (a) MCNRC中针对质子锂反应使用的反应截面和阻止本领数据；(b) MCNRC模拟入射不同能量质子束产生的总中子产额与数值计算数据[38]的对比

Fig.2 (a) The reaction cross section and stopping power data used in MCNRC for the proton-lithium reaction; (b) The total neutron yield produced by incident proton beam with different energies simulated in MCNRC compared with the numerical calculation

图3 (a) MCNRC中针对氘锂反应使用的不同氘离子能量下0°双微分截面数据; (b) MCNRC模拟入射能量为13.4 MeV的氘离子入射锂靶中三种角度(0°，15°，30°)产生的中子能谱与实验数据[39]的对比

Fig.3 (a) The zero-degree double differential cross-section data for incident deuterons with different energies used in the MCNRC for the deuteron-lithium reactions; (b) The comparison of the neutron energy spectra at three angles (0°, 15°, 30°) produced by reactions between deuterons (Ed = 13.4 MeV) and lithium target with the experimental data

图4 (a) 不同能量锂离子与氢核反应产生中子的最大角度; (b) 通过坐标系转换计算出的锂质子反应零度角双微分截面与实验数据[40]的对比情况; (c) MCNRC模拟不同能量(13.5~16.5 MeV)的锂离子入射4 μm厚的CH2薄靶产生的前向中子能谱

Fig.4 (a) The maximum angles of neutron production from the reaction of lithium ion with hydrogen at different energies; (b) The comparison of zero-degree angle double differential cross section for the lithium proton reaction calculated by the coordinate system transformation with the experimental data; (c) The forward neutron energy spectra produced by MCNRC simulations The top figure displays lithium ions with different energies (13.5~16.5 MeV) incident on a thin 4 μm-thick CH2 target

参考文献 41

1	WILLIS B T M , CARLILE C J . Experimental neutron scattering[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017: 15- 22.
2	CHRISTIANSON A D , GOREMYCHKIN E A , OSBORN R , et al. Unconventional superconductivity in Ba0. 6K0. 4Fe2As2 from inelastic neutron scattering[J]. Nature, 2008, 456 (7224): 930- 932. DOI
3	ROSSAT-MIGNOD J , REGNAULT L P , VETTIER C , et al. Neutron scattering study of the YBa2Cu3O6+ x system[J]. Physica C: Superconductivity, 1991, 185 (1): 86- 92.
4	RAMIREZ-CUESTA A J , JONES M O , DAVID W I . Neutron scattering and hydrogen storage[J]. Materials Today, 2009, 12 (11): 54- 61. DOI
5	GABEL F , BICOUT D , LEHNERT U , et al. Protein dynamics studied by neutron scattering[J]. Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics, 2002, 35 (4): 327- 367. DOI
6	MOSS R L . Critical review, with an optimistic outlook, on boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT)[J]. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2014, 88, 2- 11. DOI
7	裴宇阳, 邹宇斌, 郭之虞, 等. 9Be (d, n) 加速器中子源中子照相的研究[J]. 核技术, 2007, 30 (4): 265- 268. DOI
8	ZIMMER M , SCHEUREN S , KLEINSCHMIDT A , et al. Demonstration of non-destructive and isotope-sensitive material analysis using a short-pulsed laser-driven epi-thermal neutron source[J]. Nature Communications, 2022, 13 (1): 1- 11. DOI
9	AGERON P . Cold neutron sources at ILL[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1989, 284 (1): 197- 199.
10	YANG S Y , HE M L , JIANG D F , et al. Optimization design of radiation shielding materials for ²³⁵U fission source in reactor[J]. Chinese Journal of Computational Physics, 2017, 34 (1): 73- 81. DOI
11	HENDERSON S , ABRAHAM W , ALEKSANDROV A , et al. The spallation neutron source accelerator system design[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2014, 763, 610- 673.
12	GAROBY R , VERGARA A , DANARED H , et al. The European spallation source design[J]. Physica Scripta, 2017, 93 (1): 014001.
13	WEI J , CHEN H , CHEN Y , et al. China spallation neutron source: Design, R&D, and outlook[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2009, 600 (1): 10- 13.
14	COMSAN M N H. Spallation neutron sources for science and technology[C]. 8th Conference on Nuclear and Particle Physics, Hurghada, Egypt, 2011.
15	TASKAEV S Y . Accelerator based epithermal neutron source[J]. Physics of Particles and Nuclei, 2015, 46 (6): 956- 990. DOI
16	ROTH M , JUNG D , FALK K , et al. Bright laser-driven neutron source based on the relativistic transparency of solids[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2013, 110 (4): 044802. DOI
17	崔波, 张智猛, 戴曾海, 等. 基于多反应通道的高产额激光中子源实验研究[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2021, 33 (9): 094004.
18	METROPOLIS N , ULAM S . The Monte Carlo method[J]. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1949, 44 (247): 335- 341. DOI
19	PENG G . Calculation of kinetic parameters with continuous energy adjoint weighted Monte Carlo method[J]. Chinese Journal of Computational Physics, 2018, 35 (1): 87- 94.
20	YANG B , ZHONG B , XU Q , et al. A Monte-Carlo simulation method for neutron yield and spectrum in (α, n) reaction[J]. Chinese Journal of Computational Physics, 2021, 38 (4): 393- 400.
21	FORSTER R A , COX L J , BARRETT R F , et al. MCNP version 5[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2004, 213, 82- 86.
22	AGOSTINELLI S , ALLISON J , AMAKO K A , et al. GEANT4—a simulation toolkit[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2003, 506 (3): 250- 303.
23	FERRARI A, SALA P R, FASSO A, et al. FLUKA: A multi-particle transport code (Program version 2005)[R]. Stanford: Stanford University, 2005.
24	NⅡTA K , SATO T , IWASE H , et al. PHITS—a particle and heavy ion transport code system[J]. Radiation Measurements, 2006, 41 (9/10): 1080- 1090.
25	BROWN D A , CHADWICK M B , CAPOTE R , et al. ENDF/B-Ⅷ. 0: The 8th major release of the nuclear reaction data library with CIELO-project cross sections, new standards and thermal scattering data[J]. Nuclear Data Sheets, 2018, 148, 1- 142. DOI
26	SHIBATA K , IWAMOTO O , NAKAGAWA T , et al. JENDL-4.0: A new library for nuclear science and engineering[J]. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2011, 48 (1): 1- 30.
27	GE Z G , ZHAO Z X , XIA H H , et al. The updated version of Chinese evaluated nuclear data library (CENDL-3.1)[J]. J Korean Phys Soc, 2011, 59 (2): 1052- 1056.
28	MOLIERE G . Theorie der Streuung schneller geladener Teilchen Ⅱ Mehrfach-und Vielfachstreuung[J]. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A, 1948, 3 (2): 78- 97.
29	GOUDSMIT S , SAUNDERSON J L . Multiple scattering of electrons[J]. Physical Review, 1940, 57 (1): 24- 29.
30	LEWIS H W . Multiple scattering in an infinite medium[J]. Physical Review, 1950, 78 (5): 526.
31	HIGHLAND V L . Some practical remarks on multiple scattering[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods, 1975, 129 (2): 497- 499.
32	LYNCH G R , DAHL O I . Approximations to multiple Coulomb scattering[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 1991, 58 (1): 6- 10.
33	SATO T , IWAMOTO Y , HASHIMOTO S , et al. Features of particle and heavy ion transport code system (PHITS) version 3.02[J]. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2018, 55 (6): 684- 690.
34	ZIEGLER J F , ZIEGLER M D , BIERSACK J P . SRIM-The stopping and range of ions in matter (2010)[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2010, 268 (11/12): 1818- 1823.
35	BOHR N . The penetration of atomic particles through matter[M]. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1948.
36	CHADWICK M B , OBLOŽINSKY P , HERMAN M , et al. ENDF/B-Ⅶ. 0: Next generation evaluated nuclear data library for nuclear science and technology[J]. Nuclear Data Sheets, 2006, 107 (12): 2931- 3060.
37	NAKAYAMA S , IWAMOTO O , WATANABE Y , et al. JENDL/DEU-2020: Deuteron nuclear data library for design studies of accelerator-based neutron sources[J]. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2021, 58 (7): 805- 821.
38	PRESTWICH W V , MCNEILL F E , WAKER A J . Development of a low-energy monoenergetic neutron source for applications in low-dose radiobiological and radiochemical research[J]. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2003, 58 (6): 629- 642.
39	TAKESHITA H, WATANABE Y, NAKANO K, et al. Neutron production from thick LiF, C, Si, Ni, Mo, and Ta targets bombarded by 13.4-MeV deuterons[C]. EPJ Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, 2020, 239: 01018.
40	DAVE J H , GOULD C R , WENDER S A , et al. The ¹H (⁷Li, n) ⁷Be reaction as an intense MeV neutron source[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, 1982, 200 (2/3): 285- 290.
41	LEBOIS M , WILSON J N , HALIPRÉ P , et al. Development of a kinematically focused neutron source with the p (⁷Li, n) 7Be inverse reaction[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2014, 735, 145- 151.

[1]	杨鑫, 王冠博, 李润东, 刘汉刚, 王侃. 离子输运蒙特卡罗模拟的步长选取[J]. 计算物理, 2014, 31(4): 417-423.
[2]	许海波, 胡渊, 魏素花. 高能X射线辐射成像的定量模拟与密度重建[J]. 计算物理, 2011, 28(6): 906-914.
[3]	宫野, 宋远红, 温晓军, 邓新绿. ECR微波等离子体离子输运的数值模拟[J]. 计算物理, 2001, 18(2): 152-156.