氢、氩柱状等离子体天线在非均匀磁场中的辐射特性研究

doi:10.19596/j.cnki.1001-246x.8722

计算物理 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 334-344.DOI: 10.19596/j.cnki.1001-246x.8722

氢、氩柱状等离子体天线在非均匀磁场中的辐射特性研究

潘光祖¹, 杜丹²^,*(), 周华³, 杨开建⁴, 乔冠瑾⁴, 胡少雄⁴, 姚卫博¹, 龚学余¹

1. 南华大学核科学技术学院, 湖南衡阳 421001
2. 南华大学数理学院, 湖南衡阳 421001
3. 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所, 安徽合肥 230031
4. 南华大学电气工程学院, 湖南衡阳 421001

收稿日期:2023-03-09 出版日期:2024-05-25 发布日期:2024-05-25
通讯作者: 杜丹
作者简介:潘光祖(1998-), 男, 硕士研究生, 研究方向为等离子体天线
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(11205086);国家留学基金项目(202108430056);国家磁约束核聚变能发展研究专项(2022YFE03070003);湖南省自然科学基金(2020JJ4515);湖南省教育厅重点项目(20A432);南华大学核燃料循环技术与装备湖南省协同创新中心开放基金项目(2019KFY23)

Study on Radiation Characteristics of Cylindrical Hydrogen and Argon Plasma Antennas under Inhomogeneous Magnetic Field

Guangzu PAN¹, Dan DU²^,*(), Hua ZHOU³, Kaijian YANG⁴, Guanjin QIAO⁴, Shaoxiong HU⁴, Weibo YAO¹, Xueyu GONG¹

1. Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
2. Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
3. Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
4. Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China

Received:2023-03-09 Online:2024-05-25 Published:2024-05-25
Contact: Dan DU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在非均匀磁场条件下建立氢、氩等离子体天线的二维轴对称模型, 在低压条件下根据COMSOL软件计算结果对比分析磁场分布对单极柱状氢、氩等离子体天线辐射方向图、电子密度分布和增益性能的影响。当其他条件一定时, 模拟结果表明: 1)调控磁场和波频可控制氢、氩等离子体天线的辐射方向, 在特定波频, 氢、氩等离子体天线方向性好, 副瓣小, 通过调控磁场分布可在保持方向性不变的条件下提高氢、氩等离子体天线的增益; 2)氩等离子体天线电子密度分布受磁场分布的影响比氢等离子体天线的大, 氩等离子体天线电子密度分布不均匀, 而氢等离子体天线电子密度相对均匀; 3)磁场分布对氩等离子体天线增益的影响比氢等离子体天线的大, 磁场主要分布在阳极附近时, 氢等离子体天线增益大于氩等离子体天线, 阴极附近磁场强度逐渐增加时, 氩等离子体天线增益远大于氢等离子体天线。

关键词: 氢等离子体天线, 氩等离子体天线, 辐射方向, 天线增益

Abstract:

In this paper, two-dimensional axisymmetric model of hydrogen and argon plasma antenna is established under non-uniform magnetic field conditions, and the effects of magnetic field distribution on electron density distribution, radiation direction map and gain performance of monopole columnar hydrogen and argon plasma antenna are compared and analyzed under low pressure conditions based on COMSOL calculation results. The results show that under certain conditions: 1) The electron distribution of argon plasma antenna is more affected by the magnetic field than that of hydrogen plasma antenna. The electron density distribution of argon plasma antenna is inhomogeneous, while that of hydrogen plasma antenna is relatively uniform. 2) The radiation direction of the hydrogen and argon plasma antenna can be controlled by adjusting the magnetic field and wave frequency. At some specific wave frequencies, the hydrogen and argon plasma antenna have good directivity with small side lobe. Moreover, gain of hydrogen and argon plasma antenna can be improved by changing the magnetic field distribution while maintaining their directivity. 3) The influence of the magnetic field distribution on the gain of the argon plasma antenna is greater than that of the hydrogen plasma antenna. When the magnetic field is mainly near the anode, the gain of the hydrogen plasma antenna is greater than that of the argon plasma antenna. As the magnetic field strength near the cathode increases gradually, the gain of argon plasma antenna is much larger than that of hydrogen plasma antenna.

Key words: hydrogen plasma antenna, argon plasma antenna, radiation direction, antenna gain

中图分类号:

O539

潘光祖, 杜丹, 周华, 杨开建, 乔冠瑾, 胡少雄, 姚卫博, 龚学余. 氢、氩柱状等离子体天线在非均匀磁场中的辐射特性研究[J]. 计算物理, 2024, 41(3): 334-344.

Guangzu PAN, Dan DU, Hua ZHOU, Kaijian YANG, Guanjin QIAO, Shaoxiong HU, Weibo YAO, Xueyu GONG. Study on Radiation Characteristics of Cylindrical Hydrogen and Argon Plasma Antennas under Inhomogeneous Magnetic Field[J]. Chinese Journal of Computational Physics, 2024, 41(3): 334-344.

图/表 14

表1 氢等离子体天线内相关化学反应

Table 1 Related chemical reactions in hydrogen plasma antenna

反应	反应式	碰撞类型	Δε/eV
1	e+H₂→H₂+e	弹性	0
2	e+H₂→2e+H+H⁺	电离	18.1
3	e+H₂→2e+H₂⁺	电离	15.1
4	e+H→H+e	弹性	0
5	e+H→2e+H⁺	弹性	0
6	e+H→e+2H	激发	8.7
7	e+H₂⁺→H₂	附着	0
8	e+H₃⁺→H₂+H	附着	0
9	e+H⁺→H	附着	0

表2 氩等离子体天线内相关化学反应

Table 2 Related chemical reactions in argon plasma antenna

反应	反应式	碰撞类型	Δε/eV
1	e+Ar→e+Ar	弹性	0
2	e+Ar→e+Ars	激发	11.5
3	e+Ars→e+Ar	超弹性	-11.5
4	e+Ar→2e+Ar⁺	电离	15.8
5	e+Ars→2e+Ar⁺	电离	4.24
6	Ars+Ars→e+Ar+Ar⁺	潘宁电离
7	Ars+Ar→Ar+Ar	亚稳态淬灭

图1 等离子体天线整体系统模型

Fig.1 Integral system model of plasma antenna

图2 等离子体天线仿真图

Fig.2 Simulation diagram of plasma antenna

图3 两组线圈通入30 A电流时氢等离子体天线辐射方向图(a)1和2线圈；(b)1和3线圈；(c)1和4线圈；(d)2和3线圈

Fig.3 Radiation pattern of hydrogen plasma antenna with two coils passing through 30 A current (a) 1 and 2 coils; (b) 1 and 3 coils; (c) 1 and 4 coils; (d) 2 and 3 coils

图4 两组线圈通入30 A电流时氩等离子体天线辐射方向图(a)1和2线圈；(b)1和3线圈；(c)1和4线圈；(d)2和3线圈

Fig.4 Radiation pattern of argon plasma antenna with two coils passing through 30 A current (a) 1 and 2 coils; (b) 1 and 3 coils; (c) 1 and 4 coils; (d) 2 and 3 coils

图5 天线中心轴处磁场分布图

Fig.5 Magnetic field distribution of antenna center axis

图6 两组线圈通电时天线中心轴处磁场分布图(I0=900 A)

Fig.6 Magnetic field distribution at antenna central axis with two coils passing through I0=900 A current

图7 T=300 K，P=0.5 Torr，I0=900 A时等离子体天线内部电子密度二维分布图(a) 氢；(b) 氩

Fig.7 Two-dimensional distribution of electron density in plasma antenna at T=300 K, P=0.5 Torr, I0=900 A (a) hydrogen; (b) argon

图8 两组线圈通电时氢等离子体天线中心轴处电子密度分布图, T=300 K，P=0.5 Torr (a)1和2线圈；(b)1和3线圈；(c)1和4线圈；(d)2和3线圈

Fig.8 Electron density distribution at central axis of hydrogen plasma antenna with two coils passing through current at T=300 K, P=0.5 Torr (a) 1 and 2 coils; (b) 1 and 3 coils; (c) 1 and 4 coils; (d) 2 and 3 coils

图9 两组线圈通电时氩等离子体天线中心轴处电子密度分布图(T=300 K，P=0.5 Torr) (a)1和2线圈；(b)1和3线圈；(c)1和4线圈；(d)2和3线圈

Fig.9 Electron density distribution at central axis of argon plasma antenna with two coils passing through current at T=300 K, P=0.5 Torr (a) 1 and 2 coils; (b) 1 and 3 coils; (c) 1 and 4 coils; (d) 2 and 3 coils

图10 w=0.65 GHz，两组线圈通电时氢等离子体天线增益图(a)1和2线圈；(b)1和3线圈；(c)1和4线圈；(d)2和3线圈

Fig.10 Gain diagram of hydrogen plasma antenna with two coils passing through current at w = 0.65 GHz (a) 1 and 2 coils; (b) 1 and 3 coils; (c) 1 and 4 coils; (d) 2 and 3 coils

图11 波频为0.5 GHz，两组线圈通电时氩等离子体天线增益图(a)1和2线圈；(b)1和3线圈；(c)1和4线圈；(d)2和3线圈

Fig.11 Gain diagram of argon plasma antenna with any two coils passing through currents at w = 0.50 GHz (a) 1 and 2 coils; (b) 1 and 3 coils; (c) 1 and 4 coils; (d) 2 and 3 coils

图12 线圈通电时氩等离子体天线增益图(a)1和2线圈；(b)1和3线圈；(c)1和4线圈；(d)2和3线圈

Fig.12 Gain diagram of argon plasma antenna with two coils passing through current at w = 0.65 GHz (a) 1 and 2 coils; (b) 1 and 3 coils; (c) 1 and 4 coils; (d) 2 and 3 coils

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氢、氩柱状等离子体天线在非均匀磁场中的辐射特性研究

Study on Radiation Characteristics of Cylindrical Hydrogen and Argon Plasma Antennas under Inhomogeneous Magnetic Field

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