基于行波分离和角度域衰减的地震波叠前逆时成像条件

计算物理 ›› 2016, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 205-211.

基于行波分离和角度域衰减的地震波叠前逆时成像条件

陈可洋

中国石油大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院, 黑龙江大庆 163712

收稿日期:2015-01-19 修回日期:2015-06-02 出版日期:2016-03-25 发布日期:2016-03-25
作者简介:陈可洋(1983-),男,硕士,工程师,主要从事地震波场正演模拟与逆时成像、地震资料数字处理方法研究与程序开发,E-mail:keyangchen@163.com
基金资助:
中国石油天然气股份公司重大科技专项（2011E-1203）资助项目

Seismic Wave Pre-Stack Reverse-Time Migration Imaging Condition Based on One-Way Wave Field Separation and Angle Domain Attenuation

CHEN Keyang

Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oilfield Company Limited of CNPC, Daqing 163712, China

Received:2015-01-19 Revised:2015-06-02 Online:2016-03-25 Published:2016-03-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提高陡倾角复杂构造区地震波逆时成像质量，提出一种逆时偏移成像条件.以二维模型为例，采用波印廷矢量实现方向行波的波场分离和地层反射角度的计算，将炮点和检波点的上行波场和下行波场、左行波场和右行波场两两作互相关计算，去除形成逆时偏移噪声的分量，同时将反射角度的余弦函数作为权函数引入互相关逆时成像条件中，进一步实现角度域逆时噪声的衰减.研究表明，炮点和检波点相反传播方向波场的互相关计算是形成偏移噪声的主要原因，相同传播方向的行波波场两两作互相关成像并组合叠加，可以在有效压制偏移噪声的同时，保持对陡倾角和水平界面的成像能力，再在角度域实现逆时噪声衰减，进一步提高逆时成像质量，实际地震资料验证了方法的有效性.所提的逆时成像条件可为复杂构造区高精度逆时成像提供重要的方法指导.

关键词: 地震波动方程, 叠前逆时偏移, 方向行波分离, 角度域衰减, 偏移噪声压制

Abstract: To improve seismic wave reverse-time migration (RTM) quality of complex structures,a new RTM imaging condition is shown. Take 2D model as example,one-way wave field and formation reflection angle with Poynting vector are obtained. Correlation calculation between up-way and down-way wave field,and between left-way and right-way wave field of shot and receiver are made, which removes migration noise components. Further,it introduces weight of cosine function of reflection angle into cross-correlation RTM imaging condition to suppress noise. Model study shows that main cause of migration noise is cross-correlation image of different shot and receiver point propagating direction wave field. Cross-correlation image of same shot and receiver point propagating direction wave field can suppress migration noise effectively and maintain imaging ability on sharp angle layer and horizontal surface as well. Imaging results can be further improved with weight of cosine function. Practical seismic data verify the method. In summary,the imaging condition provides an important method guide for improving imaging quality in complex structure area.

Key words: seismic wave equation, pre-stack RTM, directional one-way wave separation, angle domain attenuation, migration noise suppression

中图分类号:

P315.3

陈可洋. 基于行波分离和角度域衰减的地震波叠前逆时成像条件[J]. 计算物理, 2016, 33(2): 205-211.

CHEN Keyang. Seismic Wave Pre-Stack Reverse-Time Migration Imaging Condition Based on One-Way Wave Field Separation and Angle Domain Attenuation[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS, 2016, 33(2): 205-211.

参考文献

[1] YOON K,MARFURT K,STARR E. Challenges in reverse-time migration[C]//Expanded Abstracts of 74th Annual Internat SEG Mtg, 2004:1057-1060.
[2] 陈可洋. 高阶弹性波波动方程正演模拟及逆时偏移成像研究[D]. 大庆:大庆石油学院, 2009.
[3] CHEN K,CHEN S,LI L,et al. Numerical experiments on the elastic wave united prestack reverse-time migration[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2014,53(1):8-16.
[4] 康玮,程玖兵. 叠前逆时偏移假象去除方法[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2012, 27(3):1163-1172.
[5] 许璐,孟小红,刘国峰. 逆时偏移去噪方法研究进展[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2012, 27(4):1548-1556.
[6] 刘红伟,刘洪,邹振,等. 地震叠前逆时偏移中的去噪与存储[J]. 地球物理学报, 2010, 53(9):2171-2180.
[7] 丁亮,刘洋. 逆时偏移成像技术研究进展[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2011, 26(3):1085-1100.
[8] 王娟,李振春,陶丽. 逆时偏移成像条件研究[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2012, 27(3):1173-1182.
[9] 徐兴荣,王西文,王宇超,等. 基于波场分离理论的逆时偏移成像条件研究及应用[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2012,27(5):2084-2090.
[10] LIU F, ZHANG G,MORTON S, et al. An effective imaging condition for reverse-time migration using wave-field decomposition[J]. Geophysics, 2011, 76(1):S29-S39.
[11] CHEN K,WU Q,FAN X,et al. Study on the impulse response of seismic wave prestack reverse-time migration and its application[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2013, 52(2):163-170.
[12] COSTA J,SILVA NETO F,et al. Obliquity-correction imaging condition for reverse time migration[J]. Geophysics,2009,74(3):S57-S66.
[13] FLETCHER R F,FOWLER P,KITCHENSIDE P. Suppressing artifacts in prestack reverse-time migration[C]//75th Annual International Meeting,SEG Expanded Abstracts, 2006:2049-2053.
[14] XIE X,WU R. A depth migration method based on the full-wave reverse-time calculation and local one-way propagation[C]// 76th Annual International Meeting,SEG Expanded Abstracts, 2006:2333-2337.
[15] YAN R,XIE X. A new angle-domain imaging condition for prestack reverse-time migration[C]//79th Annual International Meeting,SEG Expanded Abstracts, 2009:2784-2788.
[16] YOON K,MARFURT K. Reverse-time migration using the Poynting vector[J]. Exploration Geophysics,2006, 37(1):102-107.
[17] BAYSAL E,KOSLOFF D,SHERWOOD J. Reverse-time migration[J]. Geophysics,1983,48(11):1514-1524.
[18] LOEWENTHAL D,MUFTI R. Reverse time migration in spatial frequency domain[J]. Geophysics,1983,48(5):627-635.
[19] 陈可洋. 基于拉普拉斯算子的叠前逆时噪声压制方法[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2011, 23(5):87-95.
[20] ZHANG Y,JAMES S. Practical issues of reverse time migration:true amplitude gathers,noise removal and harmonic source encoding[C]. CPS/SEG Beijing 2009 International Geophysical Conference Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,Beijing:CPS&SEG, 2009:5.
[21] CHEN K,FAN X,WU Q,et al. Multi-scale decomposition and reconstruction method based on diffusion filtering and its preliminary application[J]. Chinese J Comput Phys,2013, 30(6):855-861.
[22] 陈可洋. 基于高阶有限差分的波动方程叠前逆时偏移方法[J]. 石油物探, 2009, 48(5):475-478.
[23] 陈可洋. 地震波数值模拟中差分近似的各向异性分析[J]. 石油物探, 2010, 49(1):19-22.
[24] 陈可洋. 完全匹配层吸收边界条件研究[J]. 石油物探, 2010, 49(5):472-477.
[25] 陈可洋. 边界吸收中镶边法的评价[J]. 中国科学院研究生院学报, 2010, 27(2):170-175.
[26] 王保利,高静怀,陈文超,等. 逆时偏移中用Poynting矢量高效地提取角道集[J]. 地球物理学报, 2013, 56(1):262-268.
[27] 陈可洋,吴清岭,范兴才,等. 地震波逆时偏移中不同域共成像点道集偏移噪声分析[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2014, 26(2):118-124.
[28] CHEN K,CHEN S,Li L,et al. Seismic data repair technology based on diffusion filtering method[J]. Chinese J Comput Phys,2014,31(4):465-470.
[29] CHEN K,WU Q,FAN X,et al. Dual elastic wave wavefield separating simulation method and related theory derviation[J]. Chinese J Comput Phys,2013, 30(6):843-853.
[30] CHEN K. First-order velocity-stress elastic wave field separation numerical simulating scheme of Biot two-phase isotropic medium[J]. Chinese J Comput Phys, 2011, 28(3):404-412.
[31] CHEN K,FAN X,WU Q,et al. Seismic wave pre-stack interpolation processing for improving the precision of reverse-time migration and its application[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2013, 52(4):409-416.