Parallel FDTD method, by setting resistors as lossy media across grids, is used in time-domain simulation of large vertically polarized electromagnetic pulse(EMP) radiating-wave simulator with discrete resistors. Radiation fields in time-domain with different load-type of discrete resistors are given. Effect of different resistor load is shown. Electric fields in time domain of simulator with discrete resistors and a cylinder effector are presented. It shows that loading discrete resistors improve effectively waveform of radiated electric fields by reducing reflection from simulator's top. However, radiation performance may be weaken as simulators with resistors load. Energy entering into the effector through a square hole is much as the side with hole is near to simulator and parallel with polarized orientation of simulator. The method has general application, and can be used in simulation of time-domain fields of other large vertically polarized EMP radiating-wave simulators with discrete resistors, including simulation of coupling fields as the ground and effectors existing.

Modeling of high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) consists of one self-consistent process. Current density produced by Compton effects of gamma rays not only is the source in Maxwell's equation to produce electromagetic pulse, but also is influenced by electric fields. In this paper, analytical relation of Compton current and local electric field was deduced with reasonable hypotheses in one dimension model. It shows that self-consistent process is equivalent to an effective conductivity and can be combined with original non-self-consistent model. Analytical relation between Compton current and electric filed was verified using particle in cell and finite-difference time-domain methods. Finally, an example of HEMP environments calculated by this means was shown.

Finite element equations to calculate current and temperature fields of aluminum reduction cells are deduced using Galerkin method.The finite element model of anode and molten electrolyte is built according to multiple elements and multiple properties of ANSYS software.With reasonable assumption of boundary conditions,the current and temperature fields of 160?KA prebaked reduction cells are computed and the temperature,voltage and electric current distributions of the cells are analyzed.The simulation results of the model well coincide with the design data,and therefore provide foundations for optimizing current aluminum electrolysis cells and developing new type cells.

The finite difference and PIC method are used to simulate the behavior of secondary electrons stimulated by primary X-ray photoelectrons. The results are given for the air pressure below 1 Pa and the plasma effects of low energy secondary electrons to the irradiated conductor are discussed as well.

In this paper, the rate equetions of average atom model and hydrogen-like ions are discussed. At very high ionization they are equivalent. The emphasis is put on the investigation of using average atom model to calculate population inversions. Stripping the inner electrons with X-ray and recombining them to outer shell by three-body recombination, we can obtain the population inversions. Some conditions and results are given.