To investigate influence mechanism of the second viscosity on internal flow of a normal shock wave, one-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are numerically solved. It indicates that the second viscosity has a smoothing effect on density, heat flow and energy distribution in the shock wave, which results in a decrease of peak value of heat and entropy flows, and an increase of shock thickness. Due to the production of normal viscous dissipation, some lost mechanical energy is converted into internal energy. As considering the second viscosity, density distribution and shock thickness are greatly improved. They are in good agreement with experimental data. In addition, Knudsen number is obtained 0.12≤Kn≤0.4 within Mach number range from 1.2 to 10. It indicates that Navier-Stokes equations with the second viscosity simulate normal shock structure more accurately.

Raman spectra of monolayer arsenene with external strain are determined with density functional theory. Due to lower structural symmetry, deformation induced by external strain regulates Raman mode splitting and leads to Raman mode shifts as well. Our calculations suggest that the structural deformation induced by external strain can be clearly identified by Raman scattering.

With kinetic and continuum theories of bulk viscosity coefficient, bulk-viscosity effect on two-dimensional toroidal shock-wave focus (Mach number Ma=2.0) is studied numerically. It shows that bulk-viscosity effect on toroidal shock-wave focusing is not negligible for perfect gases. Due to bulk viscous effect in compressible flows, pressure, temperature and density at the central focus perform 20% reduction, 10% increase and 30% reduction, respectively. Compared with rotational mode, shock wave focusing present obvious bulk-viscosity effect in vibrational mode, since bulk viscous stress has same order of magnitude with thermodynamic pressure.

With local thermodynamic equilibrium approximation,radial position-dependent energy flux for diffusive supersonic wave in low density filled cylinder or sphere shell structures with high density walls are given. We obtain arched-type distribution of geometric factor versus radius in cylinder and sphere shell structure. Mean geometric factor is obtained from cross-section average of total radiative energy flux. Effect of spherical shell structure on radiation process is much greaterr than that of cylinder structure. Geometrical free path must be considered in simulation of radiative diffusivity or thermal conductivity for sphere shell structures models. A fitted formula of geometric factor according to numerical solutions is given.

We introduce an ignition hohlraum 2D-simulation design method with 2D code.A design sequence,in which X-rays drive tempetature is tuned before P² asymmetry,is put forward.Details in designing laser power is studied.It indicates that control of P² asymmetry during trough pulse limits the maximum of filling gas density and expansion of capsule ablator can be restrained by longer drive pulse.An ignition hohlraum 2D-simulation design is given.

First principle calculations are made to study formation energies, partial DOS and magnetic moment of three typical surfaces of ZnS(001):Mn. Two interstitial locations are found more stable as comparing formation energies of Mn at three different locations on ZnS(001):Mn surface. Density of states and electron charge density of three reconstructions in ZnS(001):Mn surface are analyzed. It is found that p-d hybridization between spin up Mn-3d and S-3p orbital exists in three ZnS(001):Mn surface models. The p-d mixing is the strongest as Mn is at substituted location. Since spin down Mn-3d states are relatively local, it is shown that mixing between spin down Mn-3d and S-3p is less. Magnetic moments per supercell are calculated for three surfaces.

A fast simulation annealing (SA) algorithm for the design of diffractive optical elements (DOE) for uniform illumination is presented.The Tsallis statistic and corresponding utility function are introduced into a hybrid algorithm in which the self-iterative and SA algorithms are combined to enhance the efficiency.Compared with traditional SA algorithm,simulated results show that it saves 99% of time to converge the incident energy into a desired region with the same mean square error (MSE).

Numerical Hankel transform for circularly symmetric system at variable sampling intervals in input and optput planes is presented. An improved hybrid algorithm by using quasi Gradient Decent algorithm and spectrum selectivity is applied to the design of pure phase elements (PPE) in uniform illumination. Considering heat conductivity the simulated result shows that 97.2% of the incident beam energy is homogeneously concentrated into the desired focal spot in the target plane, and it fits to the required profile with the top profile error 1.1%.

The excitation of plasma waves, the acceleratioin of electrons and the generation of suprathermal electrons in the processes of laser plasma resonant absorption have been simulated using the developed two dimensional multi time scale fully electromagnetic relativistic particle simulation computer code. The simulation results prove to be reasonable through theoretical analyses.

The critical and oscillating appearances ane the break of the integral limit which are encountered in the numeral calculation of the cross section are described and treated overally. The cross sections, collision integrals, and transport coefficients of noble-gases are calculated, according to the interactions of noblegas atoms by our method. The transport coefficients are compared with the experimental