基于VOF方法的水驱油藏孔隙尺度剩余油分布状态研究

doi:10.19596/j.cnki.1001-246x.8324

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

准确认识多孔介质内水驱剩余油的微观赋存状态对于改善高含水油田水驱开发效果，提高水驱采收率具有重要意义。在对Volume of Fluid (VOF)方法验证的基础上，充分利用其追踪两相界面动态变化、再现微观渗流物理过程的优势，开展特高含水期砂岩油藏物性条件、驱替方式对剩余油微观赋存特征和采收率的影响研究。通过分析典型孔隙结构的微观渗流特征和剩余油受力情况，揭示不同类型微观剩余油的动用机制和规律：水湿条件下驱替速度的增大和驱替方向的改变会使得微观剩余油分布较为分散且采收率得到不同程度的提高；油湿及高黏度比条件下毛管阻力、黏滞力较大，剩余油多以簇状和多孔状聚集分布，采出程度相对较低。

关键词: 特高含水期, 剩余油, VOF方法, 复杂多孔介质, 两相流

Abstract:

Accurate understanding of the microscopic occurrence state of water flooding residual oil in porous media is of great significance for improving the development effect of water flooding and enhancing the recovery factor of water flooding in high water cut oil fields. Based on the verification of the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method, influence of physical property conditions and displacement modes on the microscopic occurrence characteristics and recovery factor of remaining oil in ultra-high water cut sandstone reservoir was studied by making full use of its advantages of tracking the dynamic change of two-phase interface and reproducing the physical process of microscopic seepage. By analyzing the microscopic seepage characteristics of typical pore structures and the stress of remaining oil, mechanism and law of different types of microscopic remaining oil are revealed: The increase of displacement velocity and the change of displacement direction make the distribution of microscopic remaining oil dispersed and the recovery efficiency is improved in different degrees under the condition of water and humidity; As the oil is wet and the viscosity ratio is high, the capillary resistance and viscosity are great, the remaining oil is mostly clustered and porous, and the recovery degree is relatively low.

Key words: super high water cut period, remaining oil, volume of fluid method, complex porous medium, two-phase flow

中图分类号:

TE312

魏祥祥, 冯其红, 张先敏, 黄迎松, 刘丽杰. 基于VOF方法的水驱油藏孔隙尺度剩余油分布状态研究[J]. 计算物理, 2021, 38(5): 573-584.

Xiangxiang WEI, Qihong FENG, Xianmin ZHANG, Yingsong HUANG, Lijie LIU. Distribution of Remaining Oil in Water Flooding at Pore Scale: Volume of Fluid Method[J]. Chinese Journal of Computational Physics, 2021, 38(5): 573-584.

图/表 24

图1 基于VOF方法的多孔介质模型

Fig.1 Microscale porous media model in VOF method

图2 (a) 图像分割处理；(b)孔隙介质模型；(c) 两相流动模拟

Fig.2 (a) Image segmentation processing; (b)Pore medium model; (c)Simulation of two-phase flow

图3 两平行板间分层两相流

Fig.3 Stratified two-phase flow between two parallel plates

图4 平行板截面流速模拟与理论计算结果

Fig.4 Simulated andante section velocity and theoretical result

图5 毛细管渗吸模型

Fig.5 Capillary imbibition model

图6 毛细管渗吸模型模拟结果与理论值

Fig.6 Simulation results of capillary imbibition model and theoretical results

图7 特高含水期剩余油赋存形态(a) 簇状剩余油；(b) 多孔状剩余油；(c) 滴状剩余油；(d) 柱状剩余油；(e) 膜状剩余油

Fig.7 Occurrence forms of residual oil in super high water cut stage (a) cluster residual oil; (b) porous residual oil; (c) drop residual oil; (d) columnar residual oil; (e) membranous residual oil

图8 不同润湿性下采出程度变化曲线

Fig.8 Recovery percent of reserves curve under different wettability

图9 不同润湿性下剩余油的分布

Fig.9 Remaining oil distributions under different wettability

图10 (a) 膜状剩余油赋存状态；(b) 滴状剩余油赋存状态

Fig.10 The occurrence of (a) membranous residual oil; (b) drop residual oil

图11 不同原油黏度时，剩余油的分布(1表示为油, 0表示为水。)

Fig.11 Distributions of remaining oil at different viscosity of crude oil (1 represents oil, 0 represents water.)

图12 原油黏度对采收率的影响

Fig.12 Effects of crude oil viscosity on oil recovery

图13 油水两相流模型出口端含水率

Fig.13 Water cut at outlet in oil-water two-phase flow model

图14 不同驱替速度下采出程度的变化曲线

Fig.14 Recovery percent of reserves curve under different displacement velocities

图15 不同驱替速度下剩余油分布

Fig.15 Distributions of remaining oil at different displacement velocities

图16 等径圆柱孔道中柱状剩余油毛管效应示意图

Fig.16 Schematic of cylindrical residual capillary effect in equal diameter cylindrical orifice

图17 P1、P2两点间压差(柱状剩余油驱替过程)

Fig.17 Pressure difference between P1 and P2 (columnar residual oil displacement process)

图18 图 15中②处驱替过程局部放大图

Fig.18 Enlarged view of local displacement process at ② in Fig. 15

图19 图 15中③处驱替过程局部放大图

Fig.19 Enlarged view of local displacement process at ③ in Fig. 15

图20 f3方向柱状剩余油两端压差的变化曲线

Fig.20 Pressure difference curve at both ends of f3 directional columnar remaining oil

图21 转变驱替方向下采出程度的变化曲线

Fig.21 Recovery percent of reserves curve under different displacement directions

图22 不同驱替方向下剩余油的分布

Fig.22 Remaining oil distributions in different displacement directions

图23 不同驱替方向下的流速分布

Fig.23 Velocity distributions in different displacement directions

图24 图 22中④处局部流场(蓝色线)放大图

Fig.24 Enlarged view of local flow field (blue line) at ④ in Fig. 22

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