一种微电网优化配置的随机游走算法

doi:10.19596/j.cnki.1001-246x.8703

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对独立型微电网配置优化问题, 建立一种以能流匹配形式描述的风-光-柴-储优化模型, 形成表示各时刻设备出力的节点连接关系。鉴于群智能算法应用于微电网优化配置问题易早熟收敛的特点, 提出适用于微电网优化配置的随机游走优化算法, 算法以降低系统年综合费用为导向, 通过随机增大或减小设备逐时出力, 实现连续变量(设备出力)和整型变量(设备数量)同步优化, 通过接受差解机制, 使算法具有跳出局部最优解的能力, 更好兼顾微电网容量优化过程中的全局搜索与局部搜索。将随机游走算法应用到算例进行仿真, 得到年综合费用为552 826.39元, 与粒子群优化算法进行对比, 结果更好, 验证了算法在优化质量上的优越性。

关键词: 独立型微电网, 优化配置, 随机游走, 接受差解, 局部搜索

Abstract:

In order to solve the configuration optimization problem of isolated micro-grid, wind driven generator, photovoltaic, diesel generator and energy storage battery optimization model described in the form of energy flow matching is established, which can flexibly form the node connection relation representing the output of equipment at each time. At the same time, in view of the precocious convergence of swarm intelligence algorithm applied to optimal configuration of micro-grid, a random walk optimization algorithm suitable for optimal configuration of micro-grid is proposed. Guided by reducing the annual comprehensive cost of the system, the algorithm realizes synchronous optimization of continuous variable (equipment output) and integer variable (equipment quantity) by randomly increasing or decreasing the hourly output of equipment. By accepting the differential solution mechanism, the algorithm has the ability to jump out of the local optimal solution and better take into account the global search and local search in the capacity optimization process of micro-grid. Applying the random walk algorithm to the simulation example, the annual comprehensive cost is 552 826.39 yuan. Compared with particle swarm optimization algorithm, a better result is obtained. The superiority of the algorithm in optimization accuracy is verified.

Key words: isolated micro-grid, optimal configuration, random walk, accepting imperfect solution, local search

中图分类号:

TM715

潘磊, 崔国民, 张瑞芳, 刘洪彬, 肖媛, 易智康. 一种微电网优化配置的随机游走算法[J]. 计算物理, 2024, 41(3): 392-402.

Lei PAN, Guomin CUI, Ruifang ZHANG, Hongbin LIU, Yuan XIAO, Zhikang YI. A Novel Random Walk Algorithm for Optimal Configuration of Micro-grid[J]. Chinese Journal of Computational Physics, 2024, 41(3): 392-402.

图/表 12

参考文献 22

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设备	规格	购买成本/(CNY·W^-1)	运行费用/(CNY·(kW·h)^-1)	运行年限/yr
光伏	250 W	5	0.009 6	20
风机	10 kW	4	0.029 6	20
柴油发电机	10 kW	2.1	0.021 0	20
储能电池	12 V，150 Ah	1.2	0.083 2	13.5

设备	规格	购买成本/(CNY·W^-1)	运行费用/(CNY·(kW·h)^-1)	运行年限/yr
光伏	250 W	5	0.009 6	20
风机	10 kW	4	0.029 6	20
柴油发电机	10 kW	2.1	0.021 0	20
储能电池	12 V，150 Ah	1.2	0.083 2	13.5

污染物类型	治理成本/(CNY·kg^-1)	污染物排放系数/(g·(kW·h)^-1)
CO₂	0.210	649
SO₂	14.842	0.206
NO_x	62.964	9.890

污染物类型	治理成本/(CNY·kg^-1)	污染物排放系数/(g·(kW·h)^-1)
CO₂	0.210	649
SO₂	14.842	0.206
NO_x	62.964	9.890

组合方案	风力发电机数量/个	光伏组件数量/块	储能电池数量/个	柴油发电机数量/个	污染物治理成本/元	可再生能源利用率/%	年总成本/元
1	27		11	12	164 213.253	66.5	662 317.15
2		2 146	12	14	176 218.496	54.3	627 862.41
3	21	1 982		3	48 423.247	91.6	642 523.72
4	11	1 429	10	6	84 466.734	87.4	552 826.39