复杂条件下放射性沾染数值模拟研究进展

doi:10.19596/j.cnki.1001-246x.8985

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近地核爆炸烟云中的放射性颗粒在不同高度风的驱动下扩散并沉降, 引起大范围的放射性沾染。传统放射性沾染预测模型建立在理想地形和气象条件下, 无法解决复杂条件下的放射性沾染预测问题。本文介绍了作者所在团队近10年来在复杂条件下放射性沾染数值预测方面的研究进展。首先基于气固两相流模型建立了放射颗粒大气输运与沉降过程的数值模拟方法; 然后分别采用雨滴碰撞模型和级联降尺度技术实现了降雨天气和复杂地形条件的放射性沾染预测; 最后, 利用建立的复杂条件下放射性沾染数值预测能力开展了沾染辐射环境分布规律计算研究, 得到了有意义的结果。

关键词: 放射性沾染, 气固两相流, 数值模拟, 湿沉降, 复杂地形

Abstract:

The radioactive particles in the cloud of near-earth nuclear explosion diffuse and settle under the driving of wind at different heights, causing a wide range of radioactive contamination. Traditional fallout prediction models are based on ideal terrain and meteorological conditions, which can not solve the problem of prediction of radioactive contamination under complex conditions. This paper introduces the research progress of the authors' team on the numerical prediction of radioactive contamination under complex conditions in the past 10 years. Firstly, the numerical simulation method of atmospheric transport and settlement of radioactive particles is established based on the gas-solid two-phase flow model. Then the raindrop collision model and cascade downscaling technique are used to realize the prediction of radioactive contamination in rainfall weather and complex terrain conditions respectively. Finally, the numerical prediction ability of radioactive contamination under complex conditions is used to calculate the distribution law of contaminated radiation environment, and some significant results are obtained.

Key words: radioactive fallout, gas-solid two-phase flow, numerical simulation, wet deposition, complex terrains

黄流兴, 卓俊, 李雅琦, 牛胜利, 伏琰军, 李夏至, 朱金辉, 牛进林. 复杂条件下放射性沾染数值模拟研究进展[J]. 计算物理, 2024, 41(6): 797-803.

Liuxing HUANG, Jun ZHUO, Yaqi LI, Shengli NIU, Yanjun FU, Xiazhi LI, Jinhui ZHU, Jinlin NIU. Progress in Numerical Simulation of Radioactive Fallout with Complex Conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Computational Physics, 2024, 41(6): 797-803.

图/表 5

图1 双拉格朗日方法示意图

Fig.1 Sketch of Lagrangian-Lagrangian simulation approach

图2 沾染计算结果与试验数据(a)热线上剂量率; (b)沾染面积

Fig.2 Simulated results and Exp. data of contamination (a) dose rate in hot line; (b) area of contamination

图3 不同粒径烟云颗粒的空间分布

Fig.3 Distribution of radioactive particles with different diameters

图4 不同降雨强度下的地表沾染分布(a)降雨强度为1 mm ·h-1; (b)降雨强度为10 mm ·h-1

Fig.4 Radioactive contamination distribution under different rainfall intensity (a) rainfall intensity of 1 mm ·h-1; (b) rainfall intensity of 10 mm ·h-1

图5 当量为50 kt触地核爆炸零后24 h放射性沾染剂量率(a)考虑地形；(b)未考虑地形

Fig.5 Dose rate of radioactive contamination for 24 h after 50 kt ground nuclear explosion (a) considered terrain; (b) unconsidered terrain

参考文献 27

1	GLASSTONE S , PHILIP J D . The effects of nuclear weapons[M]. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Defense and the United States Department of Energy, 1977: 387- 450.
2	王建国, 刘利, 牛胜利, 等. 高空核爆炸环境数值模拟[J]. 现代应用物理, 2023, 14 (1): 1- 12.
3	乔登江. 核爆炸物理概论[M]. 北京: 原子能出版社, 1988: 9- 10.
4	HOWARD A H. Compilation of local fallout data from test detonations 1945-1962 extracted from DASA 1251. Volume Ⅱ-Oceanic U.S. Tests[R/OL]. 1979(1979-05-01) [2024-06-30]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5009084.
5	LEE H, WONG P W, BROWN S L. SEER Ⅱ: a new damage assessment fallout model[R/OL]. 1972(1972-05-01) [2024-06-30]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4478447.
6	PUGH G E, GALIANO R J. An analytic model of close-in deposition of fallout for use in operational type studies[R]. 1959(1959-10-15). https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6640821.
7	NORMENT H G. Delfic: Department of defense fallout prediction system volume Ⅰ-Fundamentals[R]. 1979(1979-12-31) [2024-06-30]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6606853.
8	ROLPH G D , NGAN F , DRAXLER R R . Modeling the fallout from stabilized nuclear clouds using the HYSPLIT atmospheric dispersion model[J]. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2014, 136, 41- 55. DOI
9	SCHOFIELD J C. Mapping nuclear fallout using the weather research and forecasting(WRF)model[D]. Baltimore: Air Force Institue of Technology, 2012.
10	MILLER A D. A comparison in the accuracy of mapping nuclear fallout patterns using HPAC, HYSPLIT, DELFIC FPT and an AFIT fortran95 fallout deposition code[D]. Ohio: The Air Force Air University, 2011.
11	张彦, 郑毅, 王自发. 基于RAMS/CFORS Ⅱ模式一次低空核试验放射性烟云扩散的数值模拟[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2008, 13 (6): 717- 726.
12	MATTHEW T B , DONALD E A . Lagrangian stochastic modeling of heavy particle transport in the convective boundary layer[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2005, 39 (27): 4841- 4850. DOI
13	BOUVET T , WILSON J D , TUZET A . Observations and modeling of heavy particle deposition in a windbreak flow[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 2006, 45 (9): 1332- 1349. DOI
14	袁竹林, 朱立平, 耿凡. 气固两相流动与数值模拟[M]. 南京: 东南大学出版社, 2013: 22- 25.
15	CHEN Bin , WANG Cong , WANG Zhiwei , et al. Investigation of gas-solid fow across circular cylinders with discrete vortex method[J]. Applied Thermal Engineer, 2009, 29 (8/9): 1457- 1466.
16	卓俊, 黄流兴, 牛胜利, 等. 湍流边界层中颗粒物扩散的双拉格朗日模拟计算[J]. 现代应用物理, 2016, 7 (3): 63- 68.
17	DAVIS N C. Particle size determination from local fallout[D]. Ohio: Air Force Institute of Technology, 1986.
18	HEFT R E. Characterization of radioactive particles from nuclear weapons tests[R/OL]. 1970(1970-01-01)[2024-07-01]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4689911.
19	MIRCEA M , STEFAN S . A theoretical study of the microphysical parameterization of the scavenging coefficient as a function of precipitation type and rate[J]. Atmospheric Environmet, 1998, 32 (17): 2931- 2938. DOI
20	JUNG C H , KIM Y P , LEE K W . Analytic solution for polydispersed aerosol dynamics by a wet removal process[J]. Journal of Aerosol Science, 2002, 33 (5): 753- 767. DOI
21	SLINN W G N. Precipitation scavenging[C]//RADERSON D. Atmospheric Sciences and and Power Production-1979, 1983.
22	RAKESH P T , VENKATESAN R , HEDDE T , et al. Simulation of radioactive plume gamma dose over a complex terrain using Lagrangian particle dispersion model[J]. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2015, 145, 30- 39. DOI
23	田飞, 伯鑫, 薛晓达, 等. 基于复杂地形-气象场的二噁英污染物沉降研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019, 39 (4): 1678- 1686.
24	BENIAMINO G , GIOVANNI G , CATERINA B , et al. Aircraft wind measurements to assess a coupled WRF-CALMET mesoscale system[J]. Meteorological Applications, 2014, 21 (1): 117- 128. DOI
25	STEVE H Y , JIMMY C H , ALEXIS K H , et al. Developing a high-resolution wind map for a complex terrain with a coupled MM5/CALMET system[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2007, 112 (D5): 2006JD007752. DOI
26	WILLIAM C, JOSEPH B, JIMY D, et al. A description of the advanced research WRF model version 4[EB/OL]. 2021(2021-07-20)[2024-07-01]. https://opensky.ucar.edu/islandora/object/opensky:2898.
27	SCIRE J S , FRANCOISE R , MARK F , et al. A user's guide for the CALMET meteorological model(version 5)[M]. 966 Pleasant Hill Road Somerset PA: Earth Tech, Inc, 2000.

[1]	淮继茹, 王鹏, 杨梦宇. 液滴碰撞不同接触角线缆表面的模拟[J]. 计算物理, 2024, 41(3): 298-307.
[2]	胡少亮, 徐小文, 安恒斌, 徐然, 范荣红. 应用特征驱动的并行数值代数解法器JPSOL[J]. 计算物理, 2024, 41(1): 110-121.
[3]	王少椿, 付铄然, 郭凌空, 唐志淏, 张娜, 孙乾. 基于模拟有限差分法的水驱油藏渗透率时变数值模拟[J]. 计算物理, 2023, 40(5): 597-605.
[4]	察鲁明, 冯其红, 王森, 徐世乾, 刘高文, 黄文欢. 基于虚拟单元法及损伤模型压驱注水数值模拟方法[J]. 计算物理, 2023, 40(1): 81-90.
[5]	刘利, 牛胜利, 朱金辉, 左应红, 谢红刚, 商鹏. 临近空间核爆炸碎片云运动的数值模拟[J]. 计算物理, 2022, 39(5): 521-528.
[6]	吴丽媛, 张素英. 自旋相关光晶格中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的基态[J]. 计算物理, 2022, 39(5): 617-623.
[7]	杜旭林, 程林松, 牛烺昱, 陈玉明, 曹仁义, 谢永红. 考虑水力压裂缝和天然裂缝动态闭合的三维离散缝网数值模拟[J]. 计算物理, 2022, 39(4): 453-464.
[8]	孙梦营, 马明, 过海龙, 姚孟君, 徐猛, 张莹. 零重力点热源马兰戈尼FTM数值模拟[J]. 计算物理, 2022, 39(2): 191-200.
[9]	赵腾飞, 张华. 气泡碰撞过程中形变及破碎现象分析[J]. 计算物理, 2022, 39(1): 41-52.
[10]	关富荣, 李成乾, 邓敏艺. 激发介质相对不应态对螺旋波动力学行为的影响[J]. 计算物理, 2021, 38(6): 749-756.
[11]	王俊捷, 寇继生, 蔡建超, 潘益鑫, 钟振. 基于Tolman长度的Lucas-Washburn渗吸模型改进及数值模拟[J]. 计算物理, 2021, 38(5): 521-533.
[12]	杨展康, 牛奕. 温度及围护通风对独头巷道氡浓度分布的影响[J]. 计算物理, 2021, 38(4): 456-464.
[13]	胡少亮, 徐小文, 郑宇腾, 赵振国, 王卫杰, 徐然, 安恒斌, 莫则尧. 系统级封装应用中时谐Maxwell方程大规模计算的求解算法:现状与挑战[J]. 计算物理, 2021, 38(2): 131-145.
[14]	陈皓, 蔡汝铭. 平流层飞艇气动外形优化设计:螺旋桨的影响[J]. 计算物理, 2020, 37(5): 562-570.
[15]	王子墨, 李凌. 超短激光打孔中快速相变的格子玻尔兹曼模拟[J]. 计算物理, 2020, 37(3): 299-306.