基于虚拟单元法及损伤模型压驱注水数值模拟方法

doi:10.19596/j.cnki.1001-246x.8538

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于Biot线弹性接触理论建立流体与基质之间的本构方程，采用虚拟单元法对岩石应力应变场进行离散求解。基于连续损伤模型引入损伤因子，建立相应破裂准则，从而定量描述压驱注水过程中裂缝动态扩展情况。建立针对低渗透油藏压驱注水的数值模拟方法，开展压驱注水对开发效果的影响研究。模拟结果表明: 压驱注水能够改善基质内油水渗流能力，扩大水驱波及面积；天然裂缝系统在压驱注水过程中能够被快速激活，从而建立了油水井间有效压力传播系统；早期压驱注水可以保持较高地层压力，提高累产油量且降低产量递减速度，从而提高最终采收率。

关键词: 压驱注水, 虚拟单元法, 连续损伤模型, 数值模拟

Abstract:

Based on Biot linear elastic theory, we established constitutive equations of interaction between fluid. A rock and virtual element method was employed to solve the discrete seepage equations. Meanwhile, in a continuous damage model, a damage factor was introduced and corresponding failure criterion was established to describe quantitatively the fracture propagation. Furthermore, influence factors of fracture-flooding in a low permeability reservoir were investigated in typical well patterns. It shows that the coupled method simulates fracture propagation effectively during the fracture-flooding process. It also revealed that large water injection improves effectively oil-water seepage capacity in the matrix, expands the water flooding area, and improves significantly recovery rate of the well pattern. Additionally, fracture-flooding activates quickly the nature fracture system in the formation of an effective propagation system. Early fracture-flooding maintains a higher formation pressure, increases the cumulative oil production and reduces the rate of decline in production, thereby improving the ultimate recovery rate of the reservoir.

Key words: fracture-flooding, virtual element method, continuous damage model, numerical simulation

察鲁明, 冯其红, 王森, 徐世乾, 刘高文, 黄文欢. 基于虚拟单元法及损伤模型压驱注水数值模拟方法[J]. 计算物理, 2023, 40(1): 81-90.

Luming CHA, Qihong FENG, Sen WANG, Shiqian XU, Gaowen LIU, Wenhuan HUANG. Numerical Simulation of Fracture-flooding with Virtual Element Method in a Continuous Damage Model[J]. Chinese Journal of Computational Physics, 2023, 40(1): 81-90.

图/表 13

图1 接触模型示意图

Fig.1 A schematic of contacting continent model

图2 耦合模型计算流程图

Fig.2 flow chart of the implementing coupling method

表1 模型相关参数

Table 1 Parameters in the model

参数	数值	单位
杨氏模量，E	30	GPa
泊松比，v	0.3	无因次
基质孔隙度，φ	0.12	无因次
基质渗透率，k	0.01	μm²
地层压力，p_wf	30	MPa
流体密度-水相，ρ_w	1 000	kg·m^-3
流体密度-油相，ρ_o	900	kg·m^-3
流体粘度-水相，μ_w	0.001	Pa·s
流体粘度-油相，μ_o	0.015	Pa·s
日注入量，Q	500	m³·d^-1

图3 压裂缝动态扩展验证

Fig.3 Verification of fracture propagation

图4 基本井网模型示意图

Fig.4 A physical model for fracture-flooding simulation

图5 数值模拟计算结果

Fig.5 Numerical simulation results

图6 日注水量对累计产液量的影响

Fig.6 Cumulative production rate as functions of daily injection rate

图7 日注水量与物性参数关系

Fig.7 Physical properties as functions of daily injection rate

图8 天然裂缝系统

Fig.8 A natural fracture system

图9 考虑天然裂缝影响的数值模拟结果

Fig.9 Simulation results considering natural fractures

图10 天然裂缝影响下油井日产液量(a)常规注水，日注入量Q=10 m3 ·d-1; (b)压驱注水，日注入量Q=200 m3 ·d-1

Fig.10 Production rate of a oil well considering natural fracture (a) injection rate Q=10 m3 ·d-1; (b) injection rate Q=200 m3 ·d-1

图11 不同压驱注水时机下日产油量的变化

Fig.11 Oil production rate under different fracture-flooding timing

图12 不同注水时机下累产油量的变化

Fig.12 Cumulative oil production rate under different fracture-flooding timing

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